## How is miss chance calculated if a caster has Entropic shield active and is inside Darkness spell?

My question is simple. I have a warlock that has following invocations:

Darkness:

“This spell causes an object to radiate shadowy illumination out to a 20-foot radius. All creatures in the area gain concealment (20% miss chance). Even creatures that can normally see in such conditions (such as with darkvision or low-light vision) have the miss chance in an area shrouded in magical darkness.”

Entropic warding:

“A magical field appears around you, glowing with a chaotic blast of multicolored hues. This field deflects incoming arrows, rays, and other ranged attacks. Each ranged attack directed at you for which the attacker must make an attack roll has a 20% miss chance (similar to the effects of concealment). Other attacks that simply work at a distance are not affected.” Devil’s Sight: “You gain the visual acuity of a devil for 24 hours. You can see normally in darkness and magical darkness out to 30 feet.”

Devil’s Sight:

You gain the visual acuity of a devil for 24 hours. You can see normally in darkness and magical darkness out to 30 feet.

With entropic warding I get 20% miss chance on ranged attacks as deflection. In addtion, Darkness grants 20% miss chance if the caster is in it. If I am inside darkness and I have entropic warding on, do my miss chances stacks up to 40% (given I get ranged attack) or do I roll miss chance twice as twice with 20% with each roll.

## How is PC experience calculated when higher level CR allies help in Adventurers League?

The recent adventure Tomb of Annihilation released by WotC includes allies that can join the party. As an open-world adventure spanning multiple PC levels and Tiers, PCs could potentially gain allies more powerful than themselves such as the NPCs below.

Spoilers:

How does one calculate awarded experience when the PCs have allies that are more powerful than themselves in Adventurers League?

We are wondering if there is an official formula – something like:

$$\text{Awarded_XP} = \text{Received_XP} \times \frac{\text{Expected CR}}{\text{Actual CR}}$$

As opposed to the answers to the question Determining "level" of an NPC ally for purpose of budgeting encounter XP, we are looking for official Adventurers League guidance or acceptable practices — not homebrew suggestions.

## How is Challenge Rating (CR) calculated for a mixed group of multiple monsters in regards to the Treasure Table?

I understand that encounters are balanced around exp thresholds in the DMG (e.g. https://rpg.stackexchange.com/a/105360).

With that said, there are loot tables in the DMG 136-139 that have “Challenge Rating” ranges for how loot should be distributed.

I understand CR is not supposed to be summed or multiplied, but if the party kills 20 CR 3 monsters, in the loot table, what would the challenge rating range be for these monetary loots?

As a tangential note: the DMG item loot tables don’t really explain which table to use “A vs B vs J, vs K…”.

## How is the number of prepared spells for a paladin calculated?

PHB p.84 tells us that

You prepare the list of paladin spells that are available for you to cast, choosing from the paladin spell list. When you do so, choose a number of paladin spells equal to your Charisma modifier + half your paladin level, rounded down (minimum of one spell).

This is somewhat ambiguous: it’s not clear whether the number is

floor( (CHA + PL) / 2 ) 

—as seems to be implied by the usage of a comma— or

floor( CHA + (PL/2) ) 

—which would make Charisma investment much more worthwhile.

Which is it? Does a 2nd-level paladin with a 16 Charisma get 2 prepared spells (first formula) or 4 (second)?

## MySQL / MariaDB Get last 7 days summarized and with avarages calculated

currently, I have this table:

CREATE TABLE plant_data (     id BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,     plant_id BIGINT(20) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     temperature DECIMAL(5,1) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     light SMALLINT(5) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,     created_at TIMESTAMP NULL DEFAULT NULL,     updated_at TIMESTAMP NULL DEFAULT NULL,     PRIMARY KEY (id), ) 

with the following example data:

INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1623, 14, 22.2, 35, '2020-02-16 09:00:06', '2020-02-16 09:00:06'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1622, 5, 22.8, 33, '2020-02-16 09:00:06', '2020-02-16 09:00:06'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1621, 14, 22.8, 36, '2020-02-16 08:00:07', '2020-02-16 08:00:07'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1620, 5, 23.3, 33, '2020-02-16 08:00:07', '2020-02-16 08:00:07'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1619, 14, 23.1, 36, '2020-02-15 07:00:11', '2020-02-15 07:00:11'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1618, 5, 23.8, 34, '2020-02-15 07:00:11', '2020-02-15 07:00:11'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1617, 14, 24.4, 38, '2020-02-15 06:00:09', '2020-02-15 06:00:09'); INSERT INTO plant_data (id, plant_id, temperature, light, created_at, updated_at) VALUES (1616, 5, 24.6, 34, '2020-02-15 06:00:09', '2020-02-15 06:00:09'); 

I want to get the average values of the last X days as one row for each day. I could do it with X querys for each day like

SELECT plant_id, avg(temperature) FROM plant_data WHERE created_at >= '2020-02-16 00:00:00' AND created_at <= '2020-02-17 00:00:00' GROUP BY plant_id; 

But I want to know, if it is possible to get the data with one query to get a result like this:

+----------+------------------+------------+ | plant_id | avg(temperature) | day        | +----------+------------------+------------+ |        5 |         24.58000 | 2020-02-16 | |       14 |         24.42000 | 2020-02-16 | |        5 |         23.58000 | 2020-02-15 | |       14 |         23.42000 | 2020-02-15 | +----------+------------------+------------+ 

Would be nice if someone has a good idea for doing this to save me query time.

## How to Calculate the percentage of total arrests for 2015 in Arizona, and name the calculated field ‘2015_pct_of_total’? Thanks!

How to Calculate the percentage of total arrests for 2015 in Arizona, and name the calculated field ‘2015_pct_of_total’? Thanks]1

## There are functions with f (n) = f (2n) which can’t be calculated

I have to proofe that there are functions defined by $$f:\mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}, f(n)=f(2n), \forall n\in \mathbb{N}$$, which are not-computable. However I’m not really sure about the correct method.

I thought about a proof by contradiction. Assume each of those functions are computable. Then, by the Church-turing-thesis, there has to exist a TM which can compute every of those functions. Therefore $$L(M)=\{code(M) | \text{M calculates this type of function}\}$$ would be decidable. However I profed earlier, that this language is undecidable. This would lead to a contradiction, but I’m not sure about the correctness of my profe…

Thank you for your help 🙂

## How is the damage required to regurgitate a creature calculated?

As an addition to my previous question “How is CON save DC determined for the Behir?” there is another figure that I’m curious as to how it is determined.

If the behir takes 30 damage or more from the swallowed creature, the behir must succeed on a DC 14 Constitution saving throw… or regurgitate the creature.

Since the swallowed character is restrained and has disadvantage on attack rolls, it seems very unlikely to me that an unoptimized swallowed character in the Level 9-13 range would be able to get close to doing enough damage to cause the behir to maybe regurgitate the character. How is this damage threshold decided?

An even more challenging opponent like the Purple Worm (CR 15) also requires 30 damage to induce the CON save, while the Tarrasque (CR 30) requires 60 damage. If escaping from inside of one of these creatures is intended to be a longshot, that’s fine, but I would still like to know how that damage threshold is calculated in order to keep my homebrew monster in line with existing published creatures.

## Is the value of “damage dealt/taken” calculated after resistances?

The basic rules say about damage resistance/vulnerability:

Resistance and then vulnerability are applied after all other modifiers to damage. For example, a creature has resistance to bludgeoning damage and is hit by an attack that deals 25 bludgeoning damage. The creature is also within a magical aura that reduces all damage by 5. The 25 damage is first reduced by 5 and then halved, so the creature takes 10 damage.

The attack deals 25 damage, but the creature took 10 damage. Can I consider that the attack then dealt only 10 damage?

This came up with my Wizard, who has Vampiric Touch:

On a hit, the target takes 3d6 necrotic damage, and you regain hit points equal to half the amount of necrotic damage dealt.

and Life Transference (XGtE, p. 160):

You take 4d8 necrotic damage, and one creature of your choice that you can see within range regains a number of hit points equal to twice the necrotic damage you take.

We wonder what happens when the target has resistance or immunity to Necrotic damage. Is the HP gain calculated after the damage is resisted?

Related questions:

• Is Resistance/Vulnerability applied before or after Cutting Words?
• If someone casts Vampiric Touch on a creature with necrotic absorption, does the caster take damage?

## How are attack bonuses calculated?

I have a level 2 Oathbreaker paladin with a javelin and a halberd, and I’m not sure how to calculate my attack bonuses. Can anyone explain it to me?